The role of advanced practice in nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The role of advanced practice in nursing - Essay Example Scholarly articles shall be utilized in order to attain a comprehensive discussion of this subject matter. Personal nursing experiences shall also be integrated into this paper in order to help substantiate the discussion. This paper is being undertaken in order to undertake a thorough evaluation of advanced practice nurse and its crucial role in the health care practice. Advanced practice nurses are defined or described in a variety of ways. The Nursing Scope and Standards of Nursing define advanced practice nurses as those â€Å"having advanced specialized clinical knowledge and skills through master’s or doctoral education that prepares for specialization, expansion, and advancement of practice† (as cited by Jansen & Zwygart-Stauffacher, 2010, p. 5). In this case, specializing refers to the act of concentrating or focusing one’s practice into a part of the greater nursing practice. Specializing in maternal and child care may be one of the areas of advanced practice nursing. It is focused on the care given to the pregnant mother, and subsequently her delivery and child care. It focuses on what the mother and child evidently needs and how the nurse can alleviate such needs. Advanced nursing practice includes the expansion of skills and knowledge – beyond that which is normally covered by nursing practice, sometimes even overlapping the usual boundaries of medical practice (Jansen & Zwygart-Stauffacher, 2010). In the practical setting, this may include the advancement of nursing practice into radiology or diagnostics. Traditionally, the reading and interpreting laboratory and radiography results was the province of radiologists and diagnosticians; but now, some fields of advanced practice nursing now include radiology nursing and diagnostics. This strongly represents the advances in the nursing practice, where the nursing care has gone beyond independent

Hungary taxation system during and after soviet union Essay

Hungary taxation system during and after soviet union - Essay Example The government of Hungary has various industries which it can impose tax such as in textiles, food processing, chemicals, mining and motor vehicles industries. This paper discusses about the Hungary taxation system during and after Soviet Union. Also, outlines several changes that were evident in a clear and outright way. In the early 1950s, Hungary, like the other European countries embraced the soviet economic model which was introduced by Stalin. The design constituted of one sided preparations for war and emphasized on industrial self-sufficiency. This led to centralized managed system replacing the market and the market prices. This model was not fit for Hungary as it was a country with a population of 10 million people and had an economic background that was different from the Soviet Unions. The result of this was that the one fourth of the gross national product increase was wasted by the frozen investment projects and the unsalable commodities. The impact of this was that the shortage appeared in every area. The average wage earner wage earner experienced 20 percentage declines in real wages, and there was food rationing. The revenue also collected by the state as tax was minimal, and these made Hungary experience an economic crisis in 1953 (OECD, 27). It is apparent that the fiscal system of Hungary passed a series of stages from the centralized planning to mostly free market economy. The first stage which is classical socialism was experienced in the first two decades after the World War II. Classical Socialism was characterized by centralization of many economic variables such as income distribution, pricing, input and output mix. At this stage, tax system was used as a rudimentary tool to capture economic surplus and the transferring of the revenue to the state. The taxes imposed at the time were a mixture of turnover taxes and taxes from the factors of production. The paying was exclusively by the firms in this socialized economy (Bernardi et